Abstract: Taking 1604 working face of Guhanshan Mine as the research background, by means of a high-precision micro-seismic monitoring system and numerical simulation, the dynamic failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and the danger of water inrush from the floor during the mining of the working face are studied. The results show that the asymmetrical energy release phenomenon occurs along the empty side and along the solid coal side of the bottom floor rock mass along the two sides of the working face. Among them, the bottom floor rock mass along the solid coal side has the largest damage scale with a depth of about 30 m. At a position of 12 m under the floor and 8 m in the inner staggered transportation lane, the energy density value of the surrounding rock is between 5-50 J/m2. Combined with the monitoring results of the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway, it is considered that the bottom pumping lane is located at this position and the mining disturbance is lower; the pumping roadway is located directly below the transport roadway or outside the transport roadway. The energy density of the surrounding rock release is greater than 100 J/m2, and the degree of disturbance is high. The numerical simulation results show that the bottom slot is located in the pressure relief area of the floor when the staggered groove is 8 m, which is located directly below the groove and is in the stress concentration area when the staggered groove is outside.