Abstract: In order to solve the problem of coal dust pollution caused by open-pit coal mines, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/sodium metaphosphate dust suppressant with cross-linked network structure was prepared, and the dosage, proportion and dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant were carried out in the study. The microstructure of coal dust consolidation was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the microscopic interaction mechanism between dust suppressant and coal powder was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that at the temperature of 55 ℃, when the polyvinyl alcohol is 5.5 g, the sodium alginate is 0.45 g, the glycerin is 4.5 g, the cross linking agent is 0.12 g, the viscosity of the dust suppressant is 74 mPa·s, the compressive strength of the consolidated body reached 26.1 kPa, the dust suppressant has better continuity and better wettability on the surface of coal dust.