Abstract: To study the differential characteristics of geological structure in Yangquan Mining Area and its influence on the controlling role of coal and gas outburst distribution, the experimental methods of mercury intrusion, isothermal adsorption, firmness coefficient and initial speed of methane emission were used, and the microscopic pore structure and macroscopic outburst-related physical parameters of coal was analyzed. The results show that the stratum in Yangquan Mining Area is influenced by the historically geological periods. In the horizontal direction, the order of the complexity of geological structure is middle part, north part and south part. The pore shape of intact coal is mainly half-open pores. The tectonism damages the original pore system, forming many “ink-shape” pores, and the endogenous pores become large neck and small pore structure. This characteristic increases the risk of outburst energy accumulations and release. In addition, in the middle part of Yangquan Mining Area, the macroscopic outburst-related physical parameters of a, b, △p is the largest and f is the least among three parts in Yangquan Mining Area, which validates the results that the tectonism is the strongest in the middle part of Yangquan Mining Area.