Abstract: The unsafe behavior of miners is the direct cause of coal mine accidents. In order to realize the control and management of miners’ unsafe behavior fundamentally, from the interaction between internal motivation and external management system, the miners’ safety motivation is divided into four parts by self-determination theory. The model of miners’ safety behavior selection is constructed, and the risk matrix diagram of safety color behavior is constructed by using the risk partition method of risk matrix. This paper classifies individual safety behaviors from two dimensions of safety motivation and safety behavior, and constructs a theoretical model of miners’ safety color behavior. Based on the safety color behavior model, corrective measures are proposed for the safety management of coal mine work behavior to provide effective countermeasures for coal mine safety behavior management.