Abstract: This study mainly analyzes the influencing factors of coal mine gas accident emergency command ability and its correlation, using the theoretical methods of safety ergonomics, structural equation and SPSS, the key factors influencing the emergency command ability of coal mine gas accidents are studied, from the perspectives of human, machine and environment, i.e. emergency commander, emergency materials and equipment and facilities, on-site rescue environment, etc. An analysis model of influencing factors on emergency command ability of coal mine gas accidents is proposed. The case of a coal mine gas accident rescue command exercise was selected for empirical discussion. The research shows that the descriptive statistical value of the emergency commander factor is the highest, followed by the factors of emergency materials and equipment and facilities, and on-site rescue environment. Targeted countermeasures research should be carried out according to the actual situation of different influencing factors.