Abstract: The axial deformation of the bolt would coordinate the deformation of the reinforced area of the surrounding rock, the axial deformation of bolt can be determined by using the deformation of the reinforced area of the surrounding rock, and then the bolt loading is obtained by the stress-strain relationship. In the process of solving the deformation of reinforced area of the surrounding rock, the bolt loading is approximately as uniformly distributed loads distributed in the reinforced area edge, the rock cavern displacement in effect of geostress and bolt loading are solved, resultant displacement of both ends of bolt is the deformation of reinforced area, the function relation between bolt loading and rock mechanics parameters is determined.