Abstract: As one of the five major disasters in coal mine production, coal spontaneous combustion severely restricts the safety, efficiency and eco-friendliness in the mining process. Due to the diversified characteristics of theoretical methods for the prevention mechanism and prevention technology of coal spontaneous combustion fire disaster, this paper analyzes the difficulties for the prevention and control of coal fire disaster. The advantages and disadvantages of prediction methods and disaster prevention technology for the existing coal seam fire are discussed. The development prospects of coal spontaneous combustion fire prevention technology are prospected. On this basis, the key direction of research on coal seam fire prevention in China in future includes: the formation, evolution and inhibition mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion; fine division of coal spontaneous combustion stage; dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning of coal spontaneous combustion; active, grading and coordinated prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion.