Abstract: There are abundant coal resources in northern of Yuheng Mining Area of Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi, but the coal mines in this area are generally affected by roof water hazards. In order to carry out the hydrogeology and water prevention control work efficiently in the later stage of the coal mine in this area, taking the early exploitation area of Balasu Coal Field as the example, the sedimentary environment of No.2 coal seam roof aquifers directly filled with water for the first mining in the future is analyzed to grasp its occurrence characteristics. The results show that the aquifers of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and the fourth section of Yan’an Formation of No.2 coal roof are mainly formed in the weak reduction-reduction sedimentary environment. There are sedimentary structures such as parallel bedding, slot-like cross-bedding, transitional bedding, erosion surface, etc. The Zhiluo Formation is composed of the channel sand bank and floodplain, and the ancient channel spreads from NW to SE. The sedimentary microfacies in the fourth section of the Yan’an Formation are mainly distributary channel and distributary interval depression, and the distributary channel spreads in the direction from NE to SW.