Abstract: Taking the rock burst occurred in the rapid mining face under roof drainage area of a mine as the engineering background, the methods of the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring are used to study the distribution law of lead abutment pressure during passing through the drainage area of the roof at different mining speeds, and the occurrence mechanism of rock bursts in the rapid mining face of roof drainage area is also discovered. The pressure increase area and pressure relief area are formed after drainage in the roof rich-water area. When the working face is rapidly mined through the pressure increase area formed by drainage, the stress superposition easily exceeds the critical value of rock burst occurrence, thus induces the rock burst. On this basis, the targeted pressure relief measures for the drainage-caused pressure increase area and the rock burst prevention method for stage adjustment of mining speed in the drainage area are proposed.