Abstract: To further study the impact mechanism and energy evolution characteristics of different coal-rock systems, theoretical calculation and RFPA numerical simulation methods were used to compare and analyze different coal-rock systems from the energy point of view. The results indicate that the axial stress of the bending failure of the roof and floor is in proportion to the strength of the roof and floor. As the overall strength of four coal and rock systems, including hard top, soft top, soft top and soft top, gradually decreases, the maximum elastic energy density around the roadway is 273 kJ/m³, 252 kJ/m³, 224 kJ/m³ and 216 kJ/m³, respectively. In addition, the simulation results better prove that it is easy to accumulate energy and impact damage for the hard roof and floor roadway, on the contrary, soft roof roadway can dissipate elastic energy to reduce the occurrence of rock burst.