Abstract: To effectively improve the safety behavior level of miners and seek a new entry point for safety behavior management, we use 311 valid questionnaire data from 6 coal mining enterprises for empirical analysis, and from the perspective of social capital at the individual level, introduce emotional intelligence as an intermediary variable, construct a structural equation model, and deeply analyze the influence mechanism of social capital on safety behavior of coal mining workers. The empirical results show that the social capital structure, cognition and relationship dimensions have a significant positive impact on the emotional intelligence and safety behavior of miners; the emotional intelligence of coal mining workers has a significant positive impact on safety behavior, and emotional intelligence plays a part of the intermediary role in the relationship between social capital and safety behavior.