Abstract: According to the engineering geological conditions of Shendong Mining Area, the surface movement observation station of Shangwan Coal Mine was constructed. The surface movement observation data of 12401 working face of the mine was selected for nearly one year. The moving angle value parameters of the working face rock layer were calculated according to the analytical method, FLAC^3D was used to simulate the subsidence and horizontal movement of the earth. The results show that the surface subsidence is directly proportional to the overburden lithology, and the sinking velocity is inversely proportional to the overburden lithology. Under the thick and loose layer engineering geological conditions, the bedrock is compacted and the rock mass structure is destroyed. The surface subsidence and sinking speed increase, and the surface movement deformation affects and damages the mining area. It is derived as an inducing factor for geological disasters. When the comprehensive boundary angle of mining is 60°, the surface movement range can be reduced to reduce the occurrence of geological hazards in the mining area.