Abstract: Based on the Russian official statistical data, this paper took accidents in coal industry of Russia during 2008 and 2018 as the analysis object. The results showed that, the annual coal mining volume in Russia is increasing year by year, in which the annual output of open-pit coal mine and its proportion in the total coal mining volume are increasing year by year; Russian coal industry has achieved “three declines” in the total number of accidents, deaths and the death rate of millions of tons of coal. At the same time, the number of illegal behaviors found in the process of safety inspection of Russian coal industry is decreasing year by year, however, the number of administrative penalties and fines included in them is increasing year by year, and the risk oriented supervision mechanism of Russian coal industry is running well. During 2008 and 2018, the federal district of Siberia was the main area of coal industry accidents in Russia. Coal industry fires accounted for the largest proportion of accidents, and gas and coal dust explosion accidents caused the largest number of casualties. Lax safety management in Russian coal enterprises, violation of operation regulations and labor discipline by employees are the main reasons for the above accidents.