Abstract: n view of the phenomenon of asymmetric deformation and failure after deep rock roadway excavation and support, the causes of deformation and failure and support control were analyzed by means of mechanical theory analysis and computer numerical simulation. The results show that the stress concentration at the shoulder angle and the corresponding bottom angle of the surrounding rock is different, and the plastic deformation occurs in the surrounding rock at these stress concentration points, which is the key part of the asymmetric deformation and failure. After the stoping of the surrounding working face, the lateral support stress arch perpendicular to the overburden rock forms stress disturbance, resulting in the asymmetric stress of the roadway, which is the same as the simulation results. Based on the above research, the control strategy of “compensation and reinforcement support for key deformation parts” is proposed. The results of engineering application show that the asymmetric reinforcement support can effectively control the asymmetric deformation of roadway and greatly improve the stability of roadway surrounding rock.