Abstract: In order to study the influence of coal dust index on coal dust explosion, the maximum pressure rising rate of coal dust explosion with different industrial components was measured by 20 L spherical explosion vessel. The data of coal quality indexes are analyzed scientifically and reasonably by SPSS software, and the correlation coefficients among different coal quality indexes are calculated. The results show that there is a great correlation between the index data that affect the maximum pressure rise rate of coal dust explosion. The correlation coefficient between ash and fixed carbon under air drying is as high as -0.963, which belongs to a high correlation. Two principal components of “inhibition factor” and “excitation factor” were extracted by principal component analysis, and the calculation model of coal quality index and maximum pressure rise rate of explosion was established by using multiple linear regression method. The R value of model fitting degree is 90.6%.