Abstract: The loose layer of Yuheng Mining Area in Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi is thick and the weathering of the rock is serious. Freezing wellbore construction design needs to be based on the freezing characteristics and mechanical parameters of topsoil and weathered rock. At present, the freezing characteristics and mechanical properties of weathered rock and soil have not been studied. Based on the sampling of borehole weathered rock soil in Yuheng Mining Area, the experimental study on freezing temperature, frost heaving characteristics and freezing uniaxial compression of fine sand, clay, fine sandstone, siltstone and sandy mudstone specimens was carried out. The results show that the freezing temperature of topsoil is between -1.0 °C and -1.5 °C. The freezing temperature of weathered rock layers is relatively low, ranging from -2.5 °C to -3.0 °C. The frost heaving rate and frost heaving force of topsoil are significantly larger than that of weathered rock. With the decrease of freezing temperature, the compressive strength of the test piece gradually increased, and the growth rate showed an increasing trend. The freezing temperature increases the compressive strength of fine sand, clay and siltstone relatively, and the reinforcement of fine sandstone and sandy mudstone is relatively small.