Abstract: To study the evolution of surface displacement field during deformation and failure of coal and rock materials more intuitively, VIC-3D(non-contact strain measurement system) observation system is used to research the whole process of failure of coal and rock specimens in uniaxial compression, the evolution characteristics of surface displacement field during the deformation and failure of coal and rock specimens are obtained. It intuitively reflects the process of compression, stripping, expansion and spalling on the surface of the test specimen. The results show that: the digital image technology presented by VIC-3D has obvious advantages in the uniaxial compression test of coal and rock specimens. The evolution process of displacement field and strain field in the failure process of coal and rock specimens can be observed intuitively. The full-field displacement cloud map of the specific evolution process of surface compression, stripping and expansion of coal and rock specimens was obtained and the variation forms of displacement curves at different stress stages are also analyzed by using VIC-3D analysis software.