Abstract: To study the effect of the coal mine noise annoyance on the miners’ unsafe behavior, five different factors that affect the noise annoyance were identified through literature reviews and on-site interviews, and a measurement scale for noise annoyance and miners’ unsafe behavior was compiled. The structural equation model (SEM) of the effect of noise annoyance on the unsafe behavior of miners was constructed. By analyzing the path coefficient of the structural equation model and the model fitting data, the effect of different factors of noise annoyance on the unsafe behavior of miners was obtained. It is shows that the unsafe behavior intention of miners has an indirect effect between noise annoyance and unsafe behavior of miners. The factors of noise annoyance on the effect of miners’ unsafe behavior are ranked as noise properties, bad psychology caused by noise, and rejection attitude to noise, bad feeling caused by noise and noise fatigue.