Abstract: To analyze the effectiveness of safety training and internal management of coal enterprises affecting their safety input, this paper constructs the panel data of 13 listed companies of coal enterprises from 2012 to 2017, and makes an empirically study on the dynamic change of safety efficiency of coal enterprises in China under the influence of safety training and internal management, and analyzes the factors affecting safety efficiency of coal enterprises. The results show that safety efficiency index of sample enterprises shows the rising-decreasing-increasing trend. The average value of safety efficiency is 0.973, which indicates that most coalmine enterprises have lower safety efficiency, and there is a large room for improvement. The main factor to promote the safety efficiency progress of China’s coal enterprises is technical efficiency, and technological progress has not played its due role; the contribution rate of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency needs to be improved. According to the research results, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.