Abstract: The traditional work safety theory has played a significant role in guiding the development of coal mine work safety. However, with the development of society, the “marginal effect” of traditional work safety theory gradually appears and the profit of accident prevention investment has been declining. Based on the analysis of traditional work safety theory models and apply the dialectical thinking method of inductive and deductive unity, the coal mine work safety success theory and system have been proposed by the deductive method, which further improves the work safety theory. To further verify, the entropy theory of physical thermodynamics is used to explain the work safety theory, and the dynamic safety entropy model is constructed to demonstrate the scientificity and practicability of the coal mine work safety success theory. The research can provide a basic theoretical reference for the big data application of coal mine work safety and “zero accident” of work safety.