Abstract: To further explore the influence mechanism of safety behavior of employees in coal mine enterprises, it is clear that the quality of employee relationship includes three dimensions of satisfaction, trust and commitment, and safety behavior is divided into two dimensions of safety obedience behavior and safety participation behavior. From the perspective of interpersonal relationship, a theoretical model of the relationship between the quality of employee relationship and the influence of safety behavior was constructed by taking job involvement as the mediating variable, and questionnaires were collected by questionnaire survey method and validated by structural equation model. The results show that all dimensions of employee relationship quality in coal mining enterprises have a significant positive impact on miners’ safety compliance and participation behavior, among which satisfaction and trust have the most significant impact. All dimensions of employee relationship quality in coal mining enterprises have the positive impact on employee engagement, but the impact of trust and commitment is obvious. Job involvement has a positive impact on safety compliance and participation behavior. Job involvement is part of the mediating variable between employee relationship quality and safety behavior in coal mining enterprises.