Abstract: The instability and unloading of roadway surrounding rock under excavation disturbance can easily induce large-scale caving of rock mass in heading face, even lead to dynamic disaster of surrounding rock, which seriously restricts safe and efficient excavation. Aiming at the instability problem of surrounding rock structure of roadway, four types of slope induced by excavation disturbance are summarized based on the elastic hole theory, and the instability mechanism of roof structure and surrounding rock of roadway is analyzed. The volume decreases greatly, and the overall failure degree of overlying strata is slowed down. The results show that the roof is more prone to structural instability under the influence of roadway disturbance. The roadway support can effectively hinder the movement of overburden roof and floor, alleviate the probability of rock mass catastrophe, effectively control the dynamic disaster, and realize the safe roadway driving.