Abstract: To effectively prevent coal spontaneous combustion in Lyujiatuo 5424Z coal mining face, the influence of different water content on the adsorption and exothermic parameters of coal samples was analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The research shows that the moisture increase of coal sample is in the range of 1% to 9%, and the temperature difference between the zero point of the heat flow is between 230 °C and 250 °C. The corresponding temperature is generally higher, indicating that the heat release of the coal sample appears later. It is not easy to spontaneous combustion. However, when the coal sample moisture increase is between 1% and 4%, the absorption peak-to-peak temperature is lower, and the heat absorption rate reaches the maximum value at this time, the water-segmented coal sample is prone to spontaneous combustion phenomenon compared with other experimental water segments; when the coal sample moisture increase is between 6% and 9%, the slope of the curve is larger. Compared with other water content coal samples, the heat release rate of the coal sample in this interval is higher.