Abstract: Taking Gushuyuan Coal Mine gangue dump as the research object, this paper analyzes the stability and instability characteristics of gangue dump, studies the grouting reinforcement and fire extinguishing technology of gangue dump, and applies the technology successfully. It is concluded that the gangue dump of Gushuyuan Coal Mine is composed of silty clay, gangue and plain filling soil, with internal ignition point, which is basically stable and under-stable state; using shallow hole to control the surface of gangue hill and carry out fire extinguishing and cooling, using deep hole to control the internal gangue dump to carry out deep cooling and reinforcement, the combined treatment effect of shallow hole and deep hole is remarkable; clay slurry, cement-clay composite slurry and cement-fly ash composite slurry are used for shallow fire extinguishing and grouting reinforcement of loose gangue with good results and controllable construction process; after grouting treatment, the fire source of gangue dump in Gushuyuan Coal Mine was effectively controlled, and the gravity type retaining wall structure was formed inside the gangue slope, and the slope stability was significantly improved.