Abstract: Aiming to the prediction of the rock burst risk of multiple coal seams in the western No.1 mining district of Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine, based on the principles of geological evolution, a method for rock burst risk assessment of the lower coal seam using the mining data of upper coal seam is proposed. Firstly, a risk assessment index determined by the energy density of the upper coal seam is established, and the index is used to predict the hazard area of lower coal seam. And then the structural similarity index is used to quantitatively evaluate the feasibility of the prediction method. The results show that the similarity between the predicted strong burst zone and monitored data during mining process of the lower coal seam reaches 0.858 1 determined by the established index. The strong mine earthquake (energy greater than 10⁵ J) and the damage zone occurred during lower coal mining are basically located in the strong predicted danger zone determined by the indicators. The practice has proved that the established risk assessment index can effectively predict the area of strong rock burst hazard and will improve the accuracy of rock burst risk assessment of multiple coal seams mining.