Abstract: In order to effectively detect the internal water-conducting structure in front of the open roadway and the mining face, based on the existing transient electromagnetic detection technology, three-dimensional transient electromagnetic advance detection technology is designed for stope face and tunneling face, the typical water-bearing structures such as fault and collapse column in the coal mine are simulated by physical simulation method. The results show that the spatial range and morphology of these typical conductive water-bearing structures can be accurately displayed in the three-dimensional diagram. The in-situ detection of concealed collapse columns in 19108 working face of Pingshuo Mine Group proves that the collapse column inside the working face can be accurately displayed in the 3D abnormal space through the reasonable design of three-dimensional detection angle.