Abstract: In order to research the deformation and acoustic emission characteristic of coal rock mass with different bedding directions, 3-5^# coal of Tongxin Coal Mine was chosen as the research object to test two kinds of coal samples with vertical bedding and horizontal bedding under uniaxial compression. We compare the strength and deformation characteristics, acoustic emission count, cumulative count, energy and cumulative energy count characteristics of two kinds of coal samples. The results show that the failure types of the two kinds of bedding coal rock samples are different, the vertical bedding coal samples show the characteristics of disintegration and destruction, and the horizontal bedding coal samples are destroyed by plastic failure. Compared with the vertical bedding coal samples, the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, deformation modulus and ultimate strain of horizontal bedding coal samples decreased to a certain degree. The stress-strain curves of the two coal samples under uniaxial compression correspond well with the acoustic emission count-time curve and the energy-time curve, and the instantaneous peak count or instantaneous energy peak can be used as precursor of coal rock failure. Although the acoustic emission parameters of different bedding coal samples have a certain degree of dispersion, it can be considered that the horizontal bedding coal samples have larger cumulative energy, lower count, lower cumulative count and lower energy.