Abstract: Ground collapse caused by coal mining has become one of the main geological disasters in Urumchi. The distribution characteristics and causes of the ground collapse were analyzed from the aspects of temporal and spatial distribution, influencing factors and the occurrence mechanism. The results are as follows: the distribution characteristics of ground collapse are the same as those of coal seams in the study area. The size of the ground collapse is related to the thickness of the coal seam and the mining intensity. Among them, the B1 coal seam is the largest mining area in the study area, forming the largest ground collapse, and the greatest impact on highway engineering. The main factors causing ground collapse in Urumchi are steep coal seam and weak roof lithology in goaf and the influence of human engineering activities. Based on the analysis on distribution characteristics and forming reasons of ground collapse in Urumchi, corresponding control measures were proposed.