Abstract: In order to research coal seam occurrence and geological structure in deep mining area of XJL Coal Mine, 3D seismic exploration is carried out in this area. The difficulties of 3D seismic exploration in this area were deeply buried coal seams, complicated surface, poor data of 16# coal, low exploration degree, low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution etc. Aimed at above difficulties, the acquisition process adopts the measures including optimizing observation system, Goody GIS combined with Klseis software to guide the implementation of the special observation system and the deep well small dosage excitation; deconvolution, noise suppression and migration were important steps in data processing; the interpretation process adopts the integrated interpretation method of surface, block and body, and focuses on the piecewise calculation of the time-depth conversion speed. This exploration finds out the undulating morphology of Cenozoic and the occurrence of 3# coal seam, and explains the 67 faults. It is verified that the results are more accurate by drilling.