Abstract: In the background of fully understanding the depositional structure 22^# coal in Bulianta Coal Mine, through the coal and rock comparison of 22^# coal, the drilling imaging of roof strata, and the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of rock in roof strata, taking the single factor synthesis mapping method as the theoretical basis in the paleogeographic analysis of lithofacies, the paper determined the deposit environment of 22^# coal, and divided the sand and mud ratio of 22^# coal in mining area. At the same time, based on the analysis of the mechanical properties of rock, the relationship between the sand mud ratio and roof lithology stability is established; the stability of 22^# coal roof lithology is quantified, which provides theoretical basis for roof management of 22^# coal mining.