Abstract: In order to study the compressible performance of continuously graded filling rock of reducible self-adaptive pier column and select the optimal grading scheme, the experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Based on the Talbol theory, supplemented by acoustic emission technique and static strain testing system, we studied the compression ratio and axial compression of the rock and the lateral micro-strain and acoustic emission of the steel drum under different matching levels. The experimental results show that the compression process can be roughly divided into three stages: initial compaction, rupture compaction and overall stable compaction. When the Talbol coefficient n is 0.6, the grading supercharging is the fastest and the structure of grading rock is the most stable in the steel drum, and the side expansion of steel drum is also small, the grading effect is the best.