Abstract: Aim at the characteristics of acoustic emission waveform of tunnel deformation under segment support during the construction of coal mine auxiliary adit shield, based on the theory of physical similarity simulation laboratory experiment, the largest scale 3D physical simulation experiment model assembly was constructed with integrated real-time monitoring system of multiple “acoustics-optics-electricity” indicators, and the experimental excavation test of the shield was completed, and the acoustic emission (AE) signal data and real time corresponding phenomena in different excavation stages were compared and analyzed quantitatively. The study results obviously indicate that shield tunnel construction under segment support has strong surrounding rock stability, and the internal deformation of rock mass is dominated by small events, and the durable damage and deformation may bring a large number of cracks and a greater degree of damage of surrounding rock when the acoustic emission signal of deformation and destruction goes through the “pyramid” type fluctuation.