Abstract: Qinshui coalfield is located in the east wing of the large complex syncline in Qinshui Basin, which is one of the important coalfield storage areas in China. It is rich in coal and unconventional natural gas resources. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for the study of coal-bearing strata in this area. Seismic exploration technology is an effective mean to solve the critical geological requirements of unconventional natural gas evaluation. In this paper, the three-component seismic survey line K1 is taken as an example to introduce the key techniques of collecting and processing and interpretation results of the three-component seismic exploration in the area, which provides the basis for the underground geological characteristics of the area and the subsequent large-scale development of coalbed methane and shale gas resources.