Abstract: For the difficult problem of spontaneous combustion in mining closed distance coal seam group, taking the 12^# coal seam and 12^# upper coal seam in Shangwan Coal Mine three-panel zone as the examples, the paper analyze the spontaneous combustion risk factors of residual coal in goaf when 12^# coal seam working face is mined after mining overlying 12^# upper coal mine. The spontaneous combustion prediction system is established according to the conditions of the coal spontaneous combustion. Through the analysis of the mechanism of spontaneous combustion, the whole process of fire prevention measures are developed from the design source, initial mining of face to stop mining and sealing, which ensures the safe mining of 12^# coal seam.