Abstract: The full-section size detection of roadway in different periods can reveal the deformation characteristics and evolution regularity of roadway surrounding rock, and provide the basis for roadway support design and surrounding rock control. But for the large asymmetric deformation roadway, the traditional manual measurement method is difficult to accurately characterize the deformation characteristics of the roadway. Taking the 141511 return-air roadway of a mine as the engineering background, the YJDM3.6 mine-used laser instrument for roadway section detection is used to detect the different positions of the mining roadway. The results show that the roadways along the edges of mined-out areas with 3 m width pillars or 25 m width pillars both take on asymmetric large deformation characteristics and the section shrinkage rate is 65% to 69%; with the advancing of the mining face, the closer to the face of the 141511 is, the more obvious deformation trend of the 141511 return-air roadway is, the deformation of the narrow pillar is obviously larger than that of the solid coal pillar, the supporting of rib along the narrow pillar should be paid more attention; YJDM 3.6 laser instrument used for roadway section detection has good adaptability to the rapid detection and characterization of large asymmetric deformation roadway.