Abstract: In this paper, the bituminous coal produced in Yangliu Coal Mine in Huaibei, Anhui Province is used as experimental sample. The dynamic evolution law of coal and rock component in coal and the evolution of methane adsorption and desorption characteristics are studied by high pressure gas desorption adsorber and coal and rock industrial composition analyzer. The results show that with the increase of the oxidation temperature of coal, the contents of internal ash and fixed carbon basically stay the same, while the content of water and volatile content decreases continuously, but the decrease of water content is mainly concentrated at 30 ℃ to 130 ℃. The adsorption capacity of the coal is different from that of the oxidation temperature, and the adsorption of methane is also different under different oxidation temperature. The adsorption capacity and the oxidation temperature generally show negative correlation. That is with the increase of oxidation temperature, the adsorption capacity of coal is gradually reduced. The residual amount of methane after coal body desoption was also different under different oxidation temperature. The increase of the oxidation temperature of the residual methane in coal body shows the trend of first decreasing and then increasing gradually. When the oxidation temperature is near 80 ℃, the residual content of methane is minimum.