Abstract: In order to study the response characteristics of acoustic wave in coal samples under the uniaxial loading process, coal samples were collected from Gengcun Mine. The coal rock testing system and acoustic emission testing system were used to test acoustic emission signals under the loading process. And the response characteristics of acoustic emission count and damage during the loading process were analyzed. The analyzed results showed that the change laws of damage and acoustic emission count present stage characteristics. The response of acoustic emission has a good matching with the damage characteristics of coal samples in the loading process. Therefore, the damage characteristics of coal samples can be analyzed and predicted through the monitoring of acoustic emission parameters.