Abstract: Taking rock burst of coal mine as research object, risk management theory is used in coal mining, and the definition of accident risk, risk accident mechanism and control measures of coal burst are studied. The accident risk is defined as the combination of the accident possibility and loss which is resulted from an objective or an activity in the production process, and it can be written by the corresponding function expression. According to the relationship between rock burst and coal seam mining, the risk factors of coal burst can be divided into natural risk and human risk. Natural risk factors are consist of mining depth, geological structure, and characteristics of coal and surrounding rock. Human risk factors are consist of mining technology, organization and management. We built the accident causation model of rock burst, and gave the risk control measures.