层状岩体圆形巷道破坏特征及锚固支护对比试验研究
Experimental Study on Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Circle Roadway and Anchorage Support Contrast in Layered Rock Mass
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摘要: 为获得层状岩体圆形巷道变形破坏特征及锚固效果，采用CM60/10平面应变试验台配合三轴伺服试验机，通过相似材料模拟技术，对初始埋深400 m的层状岩体圆形巷道模型逐级施加载荷，对比分析了高垂直应力（λ＜1）条件下无支护及锚网索喷支护圆形巷道围岩变形破坏特征。试验结果表明：无支护状态下巷道两帮围岩出现明显的“楔形”破坏区域，以巷道腰线为中心，两帮浅部围岩亦出现相向垂向移动，顶板出现“月牙状”块状冒落，底板出现明显鼓胀，巷道围岩整体变形破坏严重；加载后期，无支护状态下巷道顶板下沉量、底板底鼓量明显增大，而锚固支护在相同地应力作用条件下，顶板下沉量、底板底鼓量基本呈线性增长且增长速率较慢,有效控制了巷道围岩的变形破坏。Abstract: In order to obtain the circular roadway deformation and failure characteristics and the anchoring effect in layered rock mass, by using CM60/10 plane strain test-bed and combing with three-axis servo testing machine, through the method of similar material simulation, we loaded initial circular roadway with 400 m depth in layered mass step by step. The deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock of roadway under no supporting state and bolt-mesh-cable-shotcrete support state were analyzed. Experimental result shows that under no supporting state, the two sides of surrounding rock became the shape of “wedge”. Taking roadway waist line as the center, two sides of shallow surrounding rock appear mutually vertical movement; the rock whose shape is “crescent” dropped from the roof, and the floor appears bulge obviously, and the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock were serious; under no supporting conditions, roadway roof subsidence and floor heave quantity of bottom increased obviously in the late loading; under the condition of the same ground stress and anchorage support, amount of floor heave at the bottom and the subsidence of roof were basically linear growth in slow rate. It showed that the supporting controlled the deformation and failure effectively.
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