Abstract: In the background of“adjusting industry structure and reducing excess capacity”, miners face serious unemployment risk. Scales about unemployment risk perception, safety commitment and psychological poverty were developed based on literature research and previous study and their structure were explored. 444 miners were chosen for questionnaire investigation, and the findings indicate that individual difference perception of unemployment risk has a negative relationship with all six dimensions of safety commitment while the technological perception of unemployment risk and policy perception of unemployment risk have positive influence on the partial dimensions of safety commitment. We find that miners have“positive”and“negative” defensive responses respectively when they face exogenous and endogenous perception of unemployment risk; psychological poverty and its three dimensions play a mediation role partly between perception of unemployment risk and safety commitment.