Abstract: Based on the principle of fiber bragg grating sensing technology, we design a suitable detecting system to monitor shaft deformation, and analyze the data from the monitoring system in detail. Besides, we conduct a contradistinctive analysis between the hydrology development and strata deformation, and forecast the strata interval which will damage the shaft easily. It's has a good corresponding relation between wavelength change of fiber bragg grating and strata deformation as well as the level of groundwater. When the unconsolidated strata are compressed and the level of groundwater is reduced, the wavelength value decreases, when the compressed strata are relaxed and the level of groundwater is upgrade, the wavelength value increases.