Abstract: Based on dimensional analysis and similarity principle, the blasting vibration velocity and main frequency of an open-cast coal under different charge structures and elevations were obtained by small proportion model and finite element software. The results show that the model test and numerical simulation have good consistency in the aspects of vibration waveform, amplitude of particle vibration velocity and frequency spectrum. The blasting vibration velocity of concentrated charge is higher than that of column charge, and the attenuation rules of vibration velocity of the two drugs are similar. The blasting vibration velocity has elevation amplification effect, and the degree is positively related to the slope angle.