Abstract: In order to effectively reduce the incidence of coal mine accidents, to study and explore the unsafe behavior factors of coal miners under complex environment and its dynamic early warning mechanism is very urgent. Through the statistical analysis of some coal mine accidents, combined with the literature research and field investigation, we obtained the factors that influence coal miners’ safety behavior. By using principal component analysis and factor analysis extracted appropriate sub-factors, structural equation model is used to analyze the correlation and path coefficient of individual employees, working environment and enterprise organization management. The results show that the influence of complex environmental factors on the coal miners’safety behavior ability is the biggest. The environmental factors include gas concentration, temperature and humidity, noise, water quality, dust concentration etc. Accordingly, we use the AT89C51 main controller for the classification and logical judgment on the output signal corresponding to the temperature and humidity sensor, noise detection instrument, and to control the LCD and alarm buzzer, its dynamic display and alarm, which has a strong practical value.