Abstract: In order to study the influence factors of underground coal mine safety atmosphere, the method of interpretative structural modeling (ISM) is adopted in this paper. We construct influencing factors index system for safety atmosphere of underground coal mine from three aspects including miners, tunnel environment and management. The result indicates that direct factors focus on individual and organization, indirect factors related to the performance of miners and specific conditions in tunnel, deep fundamental factors returned to safety investment and various institutions. According to the analysis results, four measures were proposed.