Abstract: We seek the formation mechanism of coal miners' unsafe behaviors. On the basis of analyzing the formation mechanism of coal miners' unsafe behaviors, we propose hypothesis according to the internal causes and external causes and construct the initial model of formation mechanism of coal miners' unsafe behaviors. We apply structural equation model in the empirical research on the formation mechanism of coal miners' unsafe behaviors and find the final model of formation mechanism of coal miners' unsafe behaviors in the light of this model; the results show three occurred paths of coal miners' unsafe behaviors, which offers theoretical basis and support for the effective prevention and control to coal miners' unsafe behaviors. The research of this paper is helpful to further reveal the miners' unsafe behavior occurrence laws and develop more targeted prevention measures for unsafe behaviors, as well as improve the level of safety management in coal mines.