Abstract: In order to study the distribution law of the temperature field and stress field of deep roadway surrounding rock and its coupling effect, based on theoretical analysis, we obtain the analytical solution of stress field in surrounding rock of roadway under the influence of thermal stress, the influence of thermal stress on the stability of surrounding rock is studied by numerical simulation and field monitoring. The research shows that the surrounding rock temperature distribution is a nonlinear change, the temperature gradient of roadway surface is large, the deep temperature gradient of surrounding rock is small, and the thermal stress is proportional to the temperature gradient; with the increase of the difference between temperature in roadway and temperature in the surrounding rock, the plastic zone, stress field and displacement field of surrounding rock have different degrees of increasing; under the influence of constantly changing air current temperature in the roadway, as an additional stress, the thermal stress can be applied to the surrounding rock stress field in deep roadway, which easily causes the instability of roadway surrounding rock torsion.