Abstract: Based on the principle of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, physical relationship between reflection wavelength of fiber Bragg grating and bolt axial stress, temperature is established according to mechanical calibration laboratory test; bolt load distribution dynamic monitoring system for fiber Bragg grating based on temperature compensation is built and experimented in Tashan Coal Mine. Experimental results show that fiber Bragg grating reflected light wavelength and bolt axial stress has a high linear relation, and the correlation coefficient is 0.99. Fiber Bragg grating has high measurement accuracy. Optical fiber Bragg grating reflective wavelength is sensitive to temperature changes; temperature rises per 1 ℃, optical fiber Bragg grating wavelength increases 59 pm. Fiber Bragg grating anchor force dynamic monitoring system based on temperature compensation can realize high precision dynamic monitoring of the anchor status.