Abstract: Based on the data of mining production, boreholes and experiments, three mines in the southeastern wing of Kaiping syncline were selected to study generation, occurrence, emission and anomaly of gas in this paper, and the geological control factors of gas occurrence and anomaly were analyzed comprehensively from geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, the depth, thickness, roof and floor of coal seams. The results demonstrated that the gas content, gas pressure and absolute gas emission rate present a gradually increasing trend from Linxi Mine to Lyujiatuo Mine and Qianjiaying Mine, and the effect of open fault and the hydrodynamic escape lead to the relatively low content of gas in the study area. The thick coal seam with high coefficient of variation, the roof and floor with excellent sealing condition and the developed small fault are the main controlling factors of the gas anomaly in study area. All the above factors could provide adequate occurrence space and good preservation conditions for gas, which are in favor of gas enrichment in certain zone with high gas pressure in where the gas abnormal effusing can be easily triggered by mining disturbance.