Abstract: It is rich in coal resource and then arise a large amount of coal mining in Xinjiang Province. However, the Radionuclide content of some mines is very high and brings huge harm to underground workers. In order to know well the radiation condition of the workers, the gamma radiation dose rate, radon concentration and radionuclide concentration of dust in three mines were estimated in this paper. The results show that the annual effective dose of A mine and B mine are 4.23 mSv and 1.90 mSv, respectively and obviously higher than C mine which only is 0.57 mSv that far below the national average. The dose of A mine is more than the national average, which mainly caused by the external radiation from gamma ray which accounted for 79.9%. It can be controlled by shortening the underground operation time. The radiation of B mine is close to the national average and which mainly derived from the internal radiation of radon and its decay product which accounting for 89.6% of the total dose. The dose of radon can be reduced through segregation of radon precipitation and enhanced ventilation.