Abstract: Based on 127 valid questionnaires from coal mining enterprises, and the result data were used to analyze and process and test hypothese relationship between the three dimensions of safety climate of coal mining enterprises (emphasis on safety, organizational support and communication, safety conditions inputs) and two dimensions of employee safety behavior (obedience, participative behavior) by SPSS20.0 software. The results show that: a safe atmosphere in the organization, the degree that organization paying attention to the safety has weaker effect on employee safety behavior, which does not have a significant predictor, and organizational aspects of investment and guarantee safety conditions for employees to participate in acts of active and passive safety compliant behavior have a strong predictor.